GeoPackage file format
.gpkg · data container (SQLite) · introduced 2014 by OGC
What is a GeoPackage file?
GeoPackage is an OGC standard that wraps a normal SQLite 3 database with conventions for storing vector features and raster tiles. A single .gpkg file replaces the messy "shapefile + DBF + PRJ + SHX" file group with one self-contained container. Almost every modern GIS tool reads it natively.
Most readers reach this page after double-clicking a .gpkg file and finding their operating system unsure what to do with it. The good news: GeoPackage is a well-understood format with mature tooling on every major platform. It is supported in one click by mainstream archivers on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
How to extract a GeoPackage file
Opening a .gpkg file is straightforward on every modern operating system. The exact steps depend on which platform you are on:
On Windows
- Locate the
.gpkgfile in File Explorer. - Right-click the file. If you have 7-Zip installed, choose 7-Zip → Extract Here. On Windows 11 the built-in extractor handles ZIP, 7z, RAR and several other formats directly through Extract All…
- If prompted, pick a destination folder and click Extract.
- The extracted files appear in a folder next to the original archive.
On macOS
- Find the
.gpkgfile in Finder. - Install The Unarchiver from the Mac App Store, or Keka for both creating and extracting.
- Right-click the file → Open With → The Unarchiver (or just double-click after Unarchiver is set as the default).
- The extracted folder appears next to the archive.
On Linux
- Use your file manager: right-click the archive → Extract Here (file-roller on GNOME, Ark on KDE).
- On the command line, run one of:
7z x archive.gpkg # works for almost any format
- The files appear in the current directory.
How to create a GeoPackage file
To pack files into a .gpkg archive, you typically need an archiver that supports writing this format. Not every tool can create every format — for example, only WinRAR can create real RAR files. The sidebar lists the software known to read and write GeoPackage.
On the command line, the canonical create command is:
# Use 7-Zip, PeaZip, or the format's reference tool to create .gpkg files.
If you regularly create archives at scale, a dedicated archive automation suite can wrap this command in scheduled jobs, integrity checks, and offsite replication.
Strengths
- Single self-contained file
- Supports vector and raster
- Reads as a normal SQLite DB
Weaknesses and limitations
- Larger than dedicated raster formats
- SQLite single-writer limit
Typical use cases
- Mobile GIS data
- Offline mapping
- Spatial data exchange
Technical details
GeoPackage uses the SQLite + zlib (raster tiles) algorithm and is identified on disk by the magic byte sequence 53 51 4C 69 74 65 20 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 20 33. The standard MIME type is application/geopackage+sqlite3. The format is an open specification and is free for any use.
Frequently asked questions
Is GeoPackage safe to open?
Archive files are containers — they are only as safe as what they contain. A .gpkg from a trusted source is fine; one received from a stranger can hold malicious executables, scripts, or files engineered to exploit bugs in your archiver. Always keep your archiver updated, and never run unknown executables that come out of an archive. A safe workflow is to extract into a sandbox and scan the contents before opening anything.
What is the maximum file size?
Modern implementations support archives in the multi-terabyte range. The practical limit is your filesystem (FAT32 caps at 4 GB; ext4, NTFS, APFS, and exFAT all comfortably handle multi-TB files).
Can I password-protect a GeoPackage?
Some archivers can wrap GeoPackage files in an encrypted container, but the format itself does not always include built-in encryption. Check your archiver's documentation.
How does GeoPackage compare to other formats?
See our format comparison pages such as ZIP vs 7z, ZIP vs RAR, and tar.gz vs tar.xz for side-by-side feature tables.